2.1.
SYMPOLOGY AS THE BEGINNING OF PHYSICS 
According to the treatment 1.1., the universal discipline of physics
is divided most generally into one synthesic direction measurement and also in nine more specialized directions, which are
grouped in this way:
1. physics
.0 measurement
.1 corpuscular mechanics
- corpuscular approach
.2 field mechanics - field
approach
.3 system mechanics -
system approach
.4 microworld - downward
from the atoms
.5 mesoworld - of the
human sizes
.6 megaworld - upward
from the galaxies
.7 sympology - for
material nature
.8 biology - for living
nature
.9 pneuolohy - for
consciousizing nature
In the widest sense of the word
measurement means correlating in the objective reality, directed to our
penetrating in it, which undoubtedly lies in the basis of the entire physics.
The specialized directions of physics in the first triad are formed by our
different approaches to actuality, the directions in the second triad are
determined by our place as objects in actuality, and the directions in the
third triad are set apart by the kinds of mutually irreducible actualities.
The contents of the presently learned discipline of
"physics" in the school, college and university education is only
part of the contents of the so utmost widely determinate discipline of sympology, which comprises also all
remaining disciplines about material nature such as chemistry and astronomy for
example. In contrast to sympology biology
long ago was set apart as a scientific discipline about all living nature. But
because of great specificity and the obvious irreducibility of laws of living
nature to the laws of material nature, without the idea of physics as a
universal scientific discipline nobody would dare to consider biology as one of
the directions of physics [1]. However, the top of this radical giving a new
meaning to the system of concrete scientific disciplines is the setting apart
of the utmost wide scientific discipline about all consciousizing nature as
well, which discipline ought to be the last most complicated direction of
physics, called pneuology.
In accordance with the so specified ideas
the discipline of sympology represents an initial exposition of the universal
discipline of physics that has for a topic only the material nature. The exposition
will be natural when it is in compliance with the principle for a gradual
transiting from the immediate and the simple to the more and more mediate
and complicated when the utmost wide scope of physics is outlined. For that
purpose sympology starts with the study of the mesoworld (from mesoV
With a view to the
present circumstances in which the basic course in physics in the institutions
of higher education is found, this course should be built in the spirit of the
next
EXEMPLARY SYLLABUS
0. Introduction
1. Mechanics of the
Bodies
.1 Mechanics of a
Corpuscle
.2 Mechanics of a
Solid Body
.3 Mechanics of a
System of Bodies
2. Restoring Processes
.1 Elastic Oscillations
.2 Electromagnetic Oscillations
.3 Elastic Waves
.4 Electromagnetic Waves
3. Spontaneous Processes
.1 Thermodynamic Examination
.2 Statistic Examination
.3 Structure and Properties of the Substance
4. Mesomechanics
.1 Principal of Mesomechanics
.2 Mechanics of Uninterrupted Media
.3 Limitive Mechanics
5. Gravitational Interaction
.1 Gravitational Forces
.2 Gravitational Field
.3 Gravitation and Cosmos
6. Electromagnetic Interaction
.1 Electric Forces
.2 Electric Field
.3 Flux of Electric Charges
.4 Magnetic Field
.5 Electromagnetism
.6 Electromagnetic Radiation
7. Micromechanics
.1 Laws of the Microworld
.2 Atom
.3 Atomic Nucleus
.4 Microparticles and Fields
.5 Condensed Media
.6 Information Systems
8. Megamechanics
.1 Cosmic Bodies and Systems
.2 Field Megamechanics
.3 Metagalaxy
9. Conclusion
In the introduction of the course, the
position of the universal discipline of physics in the system of human
cognition is outlined and the program for its initial presentation as sympology
is laid down. The study of the mesoworld starts with the simplest idealization
in the first division, where the corpuscular approach is developed. The
division ends by introducing the notion of a material system and by discussing
of the stability of its equilibrium and of its motion. In the second division,
the restoring processes are considered as the simplest changes of the material
system, in which after its changing the system returns into its stable state.
Depending on the interrelation between the continuance for spreading of the
local restoring changes into the system and the continuance for changing of the
system as a whole, the restoring processes themselves are divided into oscillations
and waves. The generality of this field description is straight away underlined
with the united studying of the elastic and the electromagnetic oscillations in
the frames of the equation of the oscillations, as well as of the elastic and
the electromagnetic waves in the frames of the wave equation. In the third
division the material system is examined in itself in its own inner
determination. And the commensurable with us material systems reveal their
inner determination when they are studied as parts of a whole, which we do in
the thermodynamic examination, as well as when they are studied as a unity of
elementary components, which we do in the statistic examination. Thus in these
three mutually complimenting and more and more abstract studies of the mesoworld
consecutively are mastered the corpuscular, the field and the system approaches
in physics. Only in the fourth division the mesomechanics is built as a
completed picture of the mesoworld with the theme Limitive Mechanics, known
under the name "Special Theory of Relativity" - see the treatment
5.1. Here the existing of a limitive speed c of spreading of the local
changes is obtained as a natural consequence from the combining of the
principle for equivalence of the inertial frames of reference with the
principle for the consecutive spreading of the local changes and with the
implicit principle for the finite determination of the objects in the
mesoworld. Despite the chronospatial limitedness of the principles of
mesomechanics it represents the only base, on which we can build the picture of
the world beyond its limits. At that every micromechanics and respectively
megamechanics built by us must turn into mesomechanics in limit.
The division Gravitational Interaction leads
from the idealizations of mesomechanics to the studying of the megaworld, and
the division Electromagnetic Interaction leads to the studying of the
microworld. The consecutive presentation of the two divisions taking out from
the mesoworld enables us to emphasize the analogy end the differences between
the gravitational and the electromagnetic interactions. Along with this a
presentation also shows an unsoundness of mesomechanics to describe the
megaworld and microworld, which is different in kind. The adequate describing
of the microworld is considered in the division Micromechanics, starting with
an analysis of the nature of the microobjects. In the analysis, laws specific
for the microworld are revealed, used further for studying of the structure of
the atom, of the atomic nucleus and of the smallest independently existing
objects, the microparticls. This knowledge is used for more thorough and exact
describing of the material systems in the theme Condensed Media. As the highest
synthesis of the micromechanics and the mesomechanics the theme Information
Systems outlines the signal level in the development of the material nature,
which originates with the rising of living nature and is unfolded inconceivably
widely and deeply with the appearing of consciousizing nature.
Most generally, the megaworld is studied by
exposing the basis of the corpuscular, the field and the system megamechanics.
In the corpuscular megamechanics, where cosmogony enters, the space
distribution and the evolution of the cosmic bodies and of their systems are considered.
The field megamechanics includes the contemporary views on gravitation. And in
the system megamechanics, where cosmology enters, all kinds of mechanics are
united. The concluding division of sympology is devoted to the synthesis
direction of physics measurement,
which inevitably relies on our understanding of physics as a whole and, in its
turn, contributes to the formation of this understanding.
The exhibited exemplary syllabus was
published in [2] and in [3]. Its ideas were applied in the writing of [4]. The
next development of the theme was published in [5]. And most concretely the
idea is accomplished in [6]. The submitted treatment is improved.
REFERENCE:
1. Planck
M., Unity of Physical Picture of the World,
Moscow, 1966, p.183.
2. Manev H.S.,
The Natural Structure of the Discipline
of Physics, Sofia, Annual of HIAB,
1983-1984, V.31,
roll 12, p.129.
3. Manev
H.S., The Basic Course in Physics, In: Proc.
of the 1-st GC of the BPU, Thessalonicki,
1991,
V.1, p.83.
4. Hristozov
D.D., Mladenov I., Armenski S.I., Andreev
N.M., Minev M.P., Manev H.S., Laboratory
Practicum
in Physics, Nauka i Izkustvo, Sofia, 1990.
5. Manev
H.S., Laboratory Practicum in Physics in the
Higher Technical Institutes, Sofia,
University
Annual, Technical Physics, 1989, V.26, Book
1,
p.169.
6. Manev
H.S., Laboratory Guide in Physics, Sofia,
1995.
2000-07-14, 1.
DISCUSSION OF 2.1.